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61.
《Journal of Plant Interactions》2013,8(2):107-114
Abstract Two families of sugarcane glycoproteins differing in their molecular mass have been isolated from sugarcane stalks. These glycoproteins specifically bind to cell wall receptors of Xanthomonas albilineans, a sugarcane pathogen, producing bacterial agglutination. Bound glycoproteins can be desorbed from bacterial cell walls by galactitol, a component of the glycosidic moiety of the sugarcane protein. This indicates that sugarcane glycoproteins bind through their glycosidic rest to the peptide moiety of the bacterial receptor. Several cell wall receptors have been isolated by affinity chromatography and separated by capillary electrophoresis. 相似文献
62.
Bioethanol is one of the alternatives of the conventional fossil fuel. In present study, effect of different carbon sources on the production of cellulolytic enzyme (CMCase) from Trichoderma reesei at different temperatures, duration and pH were investigated and conditions were optimized. Acid treated Kans grass (Saccharum sponteneum) was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to produce fermentable sugars which was then fermented to bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The maximum CMCase production was found to be 1.46 U mL−1 at optimum condition (28 °C, pH 5 and cellulose as carbon source). The cellulases and xylanase activity were found to be 1.12 FPU g−1 and 6.63 U mL−1, respectively. Maximum total sugar was found to be 69.08 mg/g dry biomass with 20 FPU g−1 dry biomass of enzyme dosage under optimum condition. Similar results were obtained when it was treated with pure enzyme. Upon fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate, the yield of ethanol was calculated to be 0.46 g g−1. 相似文献
63.
Present paper reports the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice and bagasse, respectively on protective immune responses in industrial broiler chickens against coccidiosis. Immunotherapeutic efficacies of the extracts were measured by evaluating their effect on body weight gain, oocyst shedding, lesion score, anti-coccidial indices, per cent protection and elicited serum antibody responses against coccidiosis. Results revealed a significantly lower (P < 0.05) oocyst shedding and mortality in chickens administered with sugar cane extracts as compared to control. Further, significantly higher (P < 0.05) body weight gains and antibody responses were detected in chickens administered with sugar cane extracts as compared to chickens of control group. Moreover, ethanolic extract showed higher anti-coccidia index (227.61) as compared to aqueous extract (192.32). The organ body weight ratio of the lymphoid organs of experimental and control groups were statistically non-significant (P > 0.01). These results demonstrated that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of sugar cane possess immune enhancing properties and their administration in chickens augments the protective immunity against coccidiosis. 相似文献
64.
对来自以色列不同地区16个生态型野生二棱大麦种子的休眠型态与其农艺性状及起源地生态地里因素的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:高温(40℃)储藏可以打破种子的休眠;16个生态型种子在高温处理下的萌发率表现出显著差异,其休眠打破过程显示出不同型态的对数生长曲线:8个旱生生态型为S型,而8个湿生生态型为倒L型。休眠深度用实际达到最大萌发率的时间度量,最低休眠深度(15·6d)是来自湿润地区"进化峡谷"的生态型37-N,而最深休眠深度(103·1d)是来自干旱地区Ein-Zukim(死海附近)的生态型32-6。此外,对11个物候及农艺性状指标与休眠深度做斯皮尔曼秩相关分析,结果有9个显示出显著相关,尤其是粒重与休眠深度有极显著相关性。同时,休眠深度与起源地15个生态地理因素中的9个有显著相关,种子休眠主要受其起源地的地理位置、温度和水分条件等影响。可见,野生二棱大麦自然选择进化了休眠特性去应对干热环境而繁衍生息。本研究结果可用于进一步遗传研究和现代栽培大麦品种的改良。 相似文献
65.
66.
中国十倍体割手密资源抗逆功能标记的遗传多样性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
整倍体割手密是现代甘蔗品种重要的野生亲本和抗逆性状基因源,为了明确其抗逆相关基因的遗传背景,该研究选用来自脱水绑定因子DREB、水通道蛋白AQP、热激蛋白HSP70、WRKY1转录因子和随机引物组成的5对抗旱和耐高温相关功能标记,以63份甘蔗常用亲本材料和8份甘蔗原种作为对照,对中国保育的50份十倍体割手密(Saccharum spontaneum L.)进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示:(1)5对引物共获得119个扩增片段,其中110个为多态性条带,平均多态性条带比例为92.44%,平均多态信息量为92.53%,十倍体割手密抗旱功能标记多态性最高,甘蔗常用亲本材料耐高温功能标记多态性最高。(2)十倍体割手密在抗旱功能标记上具有较低的平均相似性系数值(0.541)和最大的分布范围(0.347~0.800),且主要集中在0.400~0.600之间,而在耐高温功能标记上甘蔗常用亲本材料虽拥有最大的分布范围(0.238~1.000),但甘蔗原种具有最低的平均相似性系数值(0.481),且相似性系数范围主要集中在0.400~0.600之间。(3)UPGMA聚类可将参试材料划分为较明显的两个大组,十倍体割手密与甘蔗常用亲本和甘蔗原种在聚类关系上表现出明显的不同。研究表明,十倍体割手密资源无论是在抗旱功能标记DBF、Aqua方面,还是在耐高温功能标记SCB174、SCB190方面都与甘蔗常用亲本和甘蔗原种具有较大的遗传差异,而且在抗旱功能标记方面表现出更为丰富的遗传变异,因此在后续甘蔗品种抗逆性状改良和亲本创新上应进一步加大十倍体割手密资源的利用。 相似文献
67.
Sink strength regulates photosynthesis in sugarcane 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The relationship in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) between photosynthetic source tissue and sink material was examined through manipulation of the sink:source ratio of field-grown Saccharum spp. hybrid cv. N19 (N19). To enhance sink strength, all leaves, except for the third fully expanded leaf, were enclosed in 90% shade cloth for varying periods of time. Variations in sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations were measured and the effects of shading on the leaf gas exchange and fluorescence characteristics recorded. Changes in carbon partitioning caused by shading were examined based on the uptake and translocation of fixed 14CO2. Following a decline in sucrose concentrations in young internodal tissue and shaded leaves, significant increases in the CO2-saturated photosynthetic rate (Jmax), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and electron transport rate were observed in unshaded leaves after 8 d of shading treatment. It was concluded that up-regulation of source-leaf photosynthetic capacity is correlated with a decrease in assimilate availability to acropetal culm sink tissue. Furthermore, a significant relationship was revealed between source hexose concentration and photosynthetic activity. 相似文献
68.
Yuan Li Yanqun Zu Yongmei He Haiyan Chen Jianjun Chen Fusheng Li Lilian He 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2006,28(5):401-409
Field studies were conducted to determine the potential for alterations in ion leakage and the intraspecific variation in
ion leakage sensitivity of 20 wild sugarcane clones (Saccharum spontaneum L.) to enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–315nm) radiation in two consecutive years. The clones were collected from original
sites with different altitude (from 0 to 1650 m) and latitude (from 18–37 °N). The supplemental UV-B radiation was 5.00 kJ
m−2, simulating a depletion of 20 % stratospheric ozone. Across all clones tested in the present study, a significant change
(P<0.01 or 0.05) in ion leakage for 11 in tillering, 14 in elongation and 15 in flowering in 2003, and for 9 in tillering,
5 in elongation and 5 in floweing in 2004 were observed. In general, intraspecific responses of ion leakage of wild sugarcane
clones to enhanced UV-B radiation existed under field conditions for two consecutive years, although intraspecific difference
in 2003 was more obvious than that in 2004. Wild sugarcane clones originating from lower latitude or high elevation were not
necessarily the more tolerant to enhanced UV-B radiation. 相似文献
69.
70.
Fornazier Ricardo F. Ferreira Renato R. Pereira Guilherme J. G. Molina Silvia M. G. Smith R. John Lea Peter J. Azevedo Ricardo A. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2002,71(2):125-131
Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are antioxidant enzymes which are important in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and can be induced by environmental stresses including cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal toxic to living organisms. Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarumL.) in vitro callus cultures were exposed to CdCl2 and the activities of CAT and SOD were analysed. Lower concentrations of CdCl2, such as 0.01 and 0.1 mM caused a significant increase in callus growth, whereas 0.5 and 1 mM CdCl2 strongly inhibited growth of the callus cultures, but only after 9 days of CdCl2 treatment. Red-brown patches were also observed in calluses exposed to 0.5 and 1 mM CdCl2. Calluses grown in 0.01 and 0.1 mM CdCl2 did not exhibit any changes in CAT activity even after 15 days of growth in the presence of CdCl2. However, for calluses grown in higher concentrations of CdCl2 (0.5 and 1 mM), a rapid increase in CAT activity was detected, which was 14-fold after 15 days. Furthermore, up to five CAT isoforms were observed in callus tissue. Total SOD activity did not exhibit any major variation. One Mn-SOD and two Cu/Zn-SOD isoenzymes were observed in callus cultures and none exhibited any variation in response to the CdCl2 treatments. The results suggested that in sugar cane callus cultures, CAT may be the main antioxidant enzyme metabolizing H2O2. 相似文献